Since its founding 3,000 years ago, Chongqing has had numerous names that reflect its purpose and role in history including Jiangzhou, Yuzhou, and Gongzhou, before getting its present name (which means "redoubled celebration") nearly 800 years ago. The significance of this city can be dated back to the Stone Age, 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. A number of relics have found in the vicinity reflecting its habitation and importance in Chinese history.

The city has served as a capital at various times. From the Shang Dynasty to the close of the Warring States Period, it was the capital of the State of Ba. More recently, the Chongqing was China's wartime capital for much of the Sino-Japanese War (1937 – 1946).

Because of its strategic location on the Yangtze River, Chongqing has a long mercantile history, and in 1891, it was established as port with a customs office. It was not until 1929 that it was formally declared a city and a municipality of the Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the city was made a municipality directly under the central government and continued as the political, economic and cultural center of southwestern China. In 1954, Chongqing was placed under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province.

In March 1997, The National People's Congress merged the city with Fuling, Wanxing and Qianjian and provided it with new municipal governance in order to prepare it for the new century.

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